DIET PLAN FOR THE PATIENT WITH PEPTIC ULCER

 

 DIET PLAN:

 

Food Groups		No. Of exchanges	Amount (gm)	Energ y(kcal)	Protein(g)	Carb( gm)		Fats(g)
CerealS (whole grain)   Millets		8	160	560	16	120		-
Roots      Tuber		3     5	180	210	6	45		-
Sugar or Jagge ry		4	25	100	-	25		-
Fats &oils (Olive oil & Plant based oil recom.	5		25	225	-	-	25
Milk	-		-	-	-	-	-
Pulses	2		60	200	14	34	-
Meat ,fish, poultry	-		-	-	-	-	-
Green leafy vegetables (spinach, cabbage)	6		600	120	12	-	-
GLV	4		800	160	8	-	-
Other vegetables	4		400-600	160	8	28	-
Fruits( Vitamin A AND C rich)	8		800	320	-	80	-

 

 

 

FOOD ITEMS TO LIMIT

1.       COFFEE AND CARBONATED BEVERAGES : Caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee and tea should be avoided because they stimulate acid production and can cause indigestion, especially in individuals with stomach ulcers.

2.       ALCOHOL : Alcohol can irritate and erode the lining of the stomach and small intestine and should be avoided by individuals with stomach ulcers because of the potential for bleeding and inflammation.

3.       SPICY AND ACIDIC FOOD : Managing acid reflux is important because it is related to stomach ulcers. Avoid spicy foods, such as chilies, hot peppers and hot sauce. These foods can increase stomach acid, trigger acid reflux and worsen symptoms associated with stomach ulcers.

4.       OTHER FOODS : In addition to coffee, alcohol and carbonated beverages, dieticians recommends limiting refined foods, such as white bread, pasta and sugar; red meats; and trans fats found in commercially baked goods and processed foods.

DO'S AND DONT'S

Do's:

1.       Having 5 small easily digestible meals a day at proper intervals is a key to good digestive health. Eating slowly without talking and chewing the food properly also improves digestion. It reduces intestinal gas as less air is swallowed during the eating process.

2.       Any kind of physical activity which leads to sweating improves the process of metabolism and digestion in the body. Breathing exercises and yoga can bring relief from bloating, flatulence and other symptoms of indigestion and intestinal gas.

3.       Drinking 8-10 glasses of water every day is mandatory to prevent any gastric complications. Drinking 1 glass of tender coconut water at mid-morning helps in improving the condition.

4.       Probiotics are the friendly bacteria of the gut. They help in breaking down the food and making it easy for the body to digest it. Fermented milk products like curd (homemade) contain the bacteria lactobacillus which is known to promote digestion.

5.       Non glutenous grains, non citric fruits and vegetables, moderate fiber intake and lean animal proteins are the best choices.

Don'ts

       Avoiding foods like complex carbohydrate and fatty proteins (difficult to break down and longer time for digestion) can be helpful.

       Avoiding alcohol and smoking is essential to recover from a gastric attack. Prolonged intake of these could also cause irrepairable damage to the gut.

       Staying away from certain medications like acetaminophens, analgesics, ibuprofen, non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs is important in preventing gastritis.

       Caffeinated beverages like sodas, cold drinks, tea and coffee are best be avoided.

       Keeping away from refined wheat, tomatoes, lemons, red meat etc is essential for fast and better recovery.

       Anything too hot or too cold and some spices like black pepper, red chili powder, too much green chilli powder should be avoided and if taken in limited amounts.

       Vegetables like cabbage, broccoli, brussel sprouts, beans are tougher on the gut and should be avoided. If taken should be in less amounts in breakfast and/or lunch, not at dinner.

FOOD ITEMS YOU CAN EASILY CONSUME

1.       Cereals & Pulses: Whole grain cereals (rice, oats, jowar, bajra and ragi) and pulses (red gram, green gram, bengal gram and black gram dals).

2.       Fruits & vegetables: Fruits (stewed apple, banana, papaya, pomegranate, pear, melons (water melon, musk melon) and vegetables (all gourds, ladies finger, tinda, green leafy vegetables (indian spinach, fenugreek leaves, corriander leaves).

3.       Meat, Fish & Poultry: Lean meat, skin less chicken, fish (mackerel, trout, sardine, salmon, tuna).

4.       Milk & Milk products: Yoghurt, curd, paneer, chacch.

5.       Nuts & Oils: Almonds, walnuts, pista, olive oil, vegetable oil, mustard oil.

WORLD ASTEROID DAY

History Of Asteroid Day

It was in December 2016, when the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution named A/RES/71/90. The resolution talked about spreading awareness about the impact of NEO and what measures need to be taken. It was decided that the World Asteroid Day will be observed every year on the 30 June to acknowledge the Tunguska event that took place in Siberia and Russia Federation on 30 June 1908.

Those who don't know asteroids are small bodies made up of rocks that usually circle around Mars and Jupiter. They circle around Mars and Jupiter on Asteroid Belt which is basically a path. These asteroids were formed from the leftovers of our own solar system.

SIGNIFICANCE

·         The day also aims to spread knowledge about the necessary actions taken across the world in the case of Near-Earth Objects (NEO). The NEO will comprise of asteroids, meteoroids, comets, etc.

·         The first-ever asteroid Ceres was discovered in the year 1801 by Giuseppe Piazzi.

·         The word asteroids means 'star-like' which was first coined by astronomer William Herschel in the year 1802.

·         However, according to the current theory, asteroids are planetesimals which means the building block of a planet that could never incorporate themselves as one of the eight planets.

·         To date, there are over 600,000 known planets in our solar system.

According to some theories, asteroids first impacted the earth over 65 million years ago and this led to the extinction of dinosaurs.

 

ASTEROID DAY DECLARATION

The workgroup of Asteroid Day created a declaration called "100X Declaration", which appeals to all scientists and technologists who are supporting the idea of saving the earth from asteroids, but not only specialists are asked to sign, everyone can sign this declaration. Today, the 100X Declaration has been signed by more than 22,000 private citizens.

Radar images and a computer model of an asteroid

More than 1M asteroids have the potential to impact Earth and through all the available telescopes worldwide, we have discovered only about one percent. The 100X Declaration calls for increasing the asteroid discovery rate to 100,000 (or 100x) per year within the next 10 years. “The more we learn about asteroid impacts, the clearer it became that the human race has been living on borrowed time,” remarked Brian May. “Asteroid Day and the 100X Declaration are ways for the public to contribute to an awareness of the Earth’s vulnerability and the realization that Asteroids hit Earth all the time.” Asteroid Day would the vehicle to garner public support to increase our knowledge of when asteroids might strike and how we can protect ourselves.”^[7]

The main three goals are:

1.   Employ available technology to detect and track Near-Earth Asteroids that threaten human populations via governments and private and philanthropic organisations.

2.   A rapid hundred-fold acceleration of the discovery and tracking of Near-Earth Asteroids to 100,000 per year within the next ten years.

3.   Global adoption of Asteroid Day, heightening awareness of the asteroid hazard and our efforts to prevent impacts, on June 30 - With the United Nations recognition, this action item has been achieved.

According to the AsteroidDay.org website, over 2000 events participated in global activities on June 30 in its first five years across 78 countries.^[15] 41 astronauts and cosmonauts participated in activities on the day.^[16] The general goal was to raise awareness about the threat posed by asteroid impacts. Institutions such as Institut de Ciències de l'Espai,^[17] the Natural History Museum in Vienna,^[18] the American Natural History Museum,^[19] the California Academy of Sciences,^[20] the Science Museum in London,^[21] the SETI institute,^[22] the European Space Agency,^[23] the UK Space Agency,^[24] among others participated in educational activities. The first Asteroid Day was held on June 30, 2015.

ACCOMPLISHING THE SKILL , RESKILL AND UPSKILL MANTRA

 

Skill as described in simpler words as the ability of a person to do something well , especially because of training , practice , etc   .  

Skills are things that individuals learn throughout the journey of life and should not be mistaken with the word TALENT that may be in-born. Unlike talent it is possible to state that skills are developed i. e.  In order to have a certain skill the individual must train and practice that skill. It happens most of the time that  talent and skill are misinterpreted , as an individual is able to build a skill to such perfection that it could start looking like a talent.

In this technologically- aided world we still rely on our perspectives of talent – hunt when we should have started with skill – building programs .  Many believe that people are born with a certain talent and that only these selected individuals will be successful. This, however, is not necessarily true, as the concept of talent should be open to different individuals' interpretations. No one is already born a scientist, a dancer or teacher, yet as individuals, we can develop certain skills to fit in different categories. While talent is an undoubted advantage for success in the people holding it, it…
On the other hand a ‘skill’ can be learned through Hard work, Dedication, Passion and Persistence..

 

INDIAN SCENARIO :

Today, India is on the cusp of demographic dividend. Demographic dividend or advantage occurs when a country's working-age population is higher than the dependent population. Thus the number of youth is higher than the number of children and retired people. Many countries have reaped the benefits of having a large pool of a young population. Their economies grew at a faster rate. But rapid growth cannot be achieved with the population advantage alone.  We need economic reforms and should motivate people to reach higher, come up with innovative ideas, and take bold decisions. With this perspective, the government of India launched the Skill India mission in 2015.

As an up-gradation to which at the time of pandemic he presented a new mantra for the youth to skill, re skill and up skill in order to remain relevant in the rapidly changing business environment and market conditions. He meant that in this technologically advanced world we can grow and stand equivalent to others by adopting such mantras in life .

Skill – learning a new skill and  add value to skill.

Reskill – add to your skill each day by learning something new.

Up skill – widening your skill sets

If we are still not investing our time ,money , education in learning a skill it will all turn out to be a big failure afterall we can study about the mechanism to fly an aircraft  a  whole year but it will all be in vain if we cannot learn how to fly it for real.

 

WHY IS SKILLING IMPORTANT :

• We are struggling with the academia-industry gap for years now. Though the number of colleges has mushroomed, students are not job-ready. They lack the skills that the workplace requires.
• It is not just about being empolyed and employable but we should also strive to broaden the mindset of the youth. For actual progress, we need good entrepreneurs and scientists too.
•  Provisions for the economic empowerment of the underprivileged youth is a need because we cannot afford to lose our gems just because they cannot afford to learn skills.
• Through Skill , Reskill and Upskill we can surely take Indian youths to meet both local demand and rank well on a global scale and empower themselves by creating opportunities for them in global companies.

PROGRESS  SO FAR :

 

As per the Press Information Bureau, more than one crore youths have joined the Skill India  Program (2015) so far and are benefitting from it.

The government has even signed Memorandums of Cooperation (MoCs) with countries like Japan, Russia, and the U.K. India participated in World Skill competitions and won various accolades.
However, according to many economists and the industrial data, joblessness is on the rise. Though the number of people who acquired skills increased manifolds, only a few of them (around 30%) could get jobs. It implies that the government has to focus on job creation urgently.  
Inspite of a lot of programs and schemes from government we are still not getting the desired outcomes  , for which many reasons are possible from corruptions to scam ridden-schemes , or may be desemination of information ,etc.
We can conclude that such programs are may be excellent and also very much required. But we need a central mechanism to monitor their implementation and track the outcomes.  

 

CONCLUSIONS :

 

 History of a place has a major impact on its future , we can learn from our mistakes in past and can add on to our progresses of past turning out to be a happening nation. Yes , India was known as the golden bird  centuries back . Why ? Because of the plethora of wealth India possessed , Agriculture , Spices , Industries , Architecures  that showed the excellance of craftsmanship and popular even today , the time when government existed with WELFARE principle , Sciene and technology, Medicine and Ayurveda which was a boon to civilisation , Astronomy , Warfares and what not ….we were a skilled nation from the start. Right now  who has  forget the essence and purity of its roots  and culture to struggle to learn and explore . This has to be revived very soon as in the run of a tech – freak society we are losing our true identity.

To be discrimitative , skills are something internal – eternal value that do not need any scheme or program to learn .

 

Without sharpening your weapons , standing on the battlefield would not increase our chance of winning as mere knowledge is not skill but knowledge plus ten thousand times is skill.

Higgs boson #1

 Higgs boson, also called Higgs particle, particle that is the carrier particle, or boson, of the Higgs field, a field that permeates space and endows all elementary subatomic particles with mass through its interactions with them. The field and the particle—named after Peter Higgs of the University of Edinburgh, one of the physicists who in 1964 first proposed the mechanism—provided a testable hypothesis for the origin of mass in elementary particles. In popular culture the Higgs boson is often called the “God particle,” after the title of Nobel physicist Leon Lederman’s The God Particle: If the Universe Is the Answer, What Is the Question? (1993), which contained the author’s assertion that the discovery of the particle is crucial to a final understanding of the structure of matter.

Higgs boson detection

Event recorded in 2012 by the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector at the Large Hadron Collider in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 teraelectron volts (TeV). In this event there was a pair of Z bosons, one of which decayed into a pair of electrons (green lines and green towers) while the other Z boson decayed into a pair of muons (red lines). The combined mass of the two electrons and the two muons was close to 126 GeV. This implies that a particle of mass 126 GeV was being produced and subsequently decaying to two Z bosons, exactly as expected if the observed particle were the Higgs boson.

© 2012 CERN

• 

  Know why the Higgs boson is included in the standard model alongside particles like electrons, photons, and quarks

  An explanation of why the Higgs boson is included in the Standard Model.

  © MinutePhysics (A Britannica Publishing Partner)See all videos for this article

• 

  Learn how the Higgs field gives particle mass

  An explanation of how the Higgs field gives particles mass.

  © MinutePhysics (A Britannica Publishing Partner)See all videos for this article

The Higgs field is different from other fundamental fields—such as the electromagnetic field—that underlie the basic forces between particles. First, it is a scalar field; i.e., it has magnitude but no direction. This implies that its carrier, the Higgs boson, has an intrinsic angular momentum, or spin, of 0, unlike the carriers of the force fields, which have spin. Second, the Higgs field has the unusual property that its energy is higher when the field is zero than when it is nonzero. The elementary particles therefore acquired their masses through interactions with a nonzero Higgs field only when the universe cooled and became less energetic in the aftermath of the big bang (the hypothetical primal explosion in which the universe originated). The variety of masses characterizing the elementary subatomic particles arises because different particles have different strengths of interaction with the Higgs field.

The Higgs mechanism has a key role in the electroweak theory, which unifies interactions via the weak force and the electromagnetic force. It explains why the carriers of the weak force, the W particles and the Z particles, are heavy while the carrier of the electromagnetic force, the photon, has a mass of zero. Experimental evidence for the Higgs boson is a direct indication for the existence of the Higgs field. It is also possible that there is more than one type of Higgs boson. Experiments searched for the massive Higgs boson at the highest-energy particle-accelerator colliders, in particular the Tevatron at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research). On July 4, 2012, scientists at the LHC announced that they had detected an interesting signal that was likely from a Higgs boson with a mass of 125–126 gigaelectron volts (billion electron volts; GeV). Further data was needed to definitively confirm those observations, and such confirmation was announced in March 2013. That same year Higgs and Belgian physicist François Englert (who had also proposed the Higgs mechanism) shared the Nobel Prize in Physics.

Higgs boson production

One of the four most important ways in which Higgs bosons are produced and then decay at the Large Hadron collider. Two colliding protons each emit a W boson. The two W bosons then collide to produce the Higgs boson, which in turn decays into two Z bosons, each of which then decays into an electron plus positron or muon plus antimuon.

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Higgs BOSON

                                                                                                                                   source-CERN

The Brout-Englert-Higgs mechanism

In the 1970s, physicists realised that there are very close ties between two of the four fundamental forces – the weak force and the electromagnetic force. The two forces can be described within the same theory, which forms the basis of the Standard Model. This “unification” implies that electricity, magnetism, light and some types of radioactivity are all manifestations of a single underlying force known as the electroweak force.

The basic equations of the unified theory correctly describe the electroweak force and its associated force-carrying particles, namely the photon, and the W and Z bosons, except for a major glitch. All of these particles emerge without a mass. While this is true for the photon, we know that the W and Z have mass, nearly 100 times that of a proton. Fortunately, theorists Robert Brout, François Englert and Peter Higgs made a proposal that was to solve this problem. What we now call the Brout-Englert-Higgs mechanism gives a mass to the W and Z when they interact with an invisible field, now called the “Higgs field”, which pervades the universe.

At CERN on 4 July 2012, the ATLAS and CMS collaborations present evidence in the LHC data for a particle consistent with a Higgs boson, the particle linked to the mechanism proposed in the 1960s to give mass to the W, Z and other particles. (Image: Maximilien Brice/Laurent Egli/CERN)

Just after the big bang, the Higgs field was zero, but as the universe cooled and the temperature fell below a critical value, the field grew spontaneously so that any particle interacting with it acquired a mass. The more a particle interacts with this field, the heavier it is. Particles like the photon that do not interact with it are left with no mass at all. Like all fundamental fields, the Higgs field has an associated particle – the Higgs boson. The Higgs boson is the visible manifestation of the Higgs field, rather like a wave at the surface of the sea.

An elusive particle

Candidate Higgs boson events from collisions between protons in the LHC. The top event in the CMS experiment shows a decay into two photons (dashed yellow lines and green towers). The lower event in the ATLAS experiment shows a decay into four muons (red tracks) (Image: CMS/ATLAS/CERN)

A problem for many years has been that no experiment has observed the Higgs boson to confirm the theory. On 4 July 2012, the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider announced they had each observed a new particle in the mass region around 125 GeV. This particle is consistent with the Higgs boson but it will take further work to determine whether or not it is the Higgs boson predicted by the Standard Model. The Higgs boson, as proposed within the Standard Model, is the simplest manifestation of the Brout-Englert-Higgs mechanism. Other types of Higgs bosons are predicted by other theories that go beyond the Standard Model.

On 8 October 2013 the Nobel prize in physics was awarded jointly to François Englert and Peter Higgs “for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles, and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle, by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider”.

The Higgs boson explained

How do the elementary particles get their mass? How does the Brout-Englert-Higgs field work? Why is it so special? How was its existence proved at the LHC? This video explains the basics of the Higgs boson and its associated field in 4 minutes with infographics.

The Higgs boson, back to basics (Video: CERN